June 11, 2023
The Honourable Catherine McKenna
Minister of Environment
Government of Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
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The Senate has recommended an amendment to Bill C-69, proposed by the oil industry, that would impose a restrictive ‘privative clause’ and an onerous process for seeking legal redress under Canada’s most important environmental law. We are very concerned that this amendment would undermine access to justice and the rule of law, by impeding the ability of citizens and Indigenous Peoples to seek judicial review of assessments of major projects – ones that could significantly affect our health and environment. As Law Professors from across Canada, we urge that this amendment be rejected.
Bill C-69 proposes to reform Canada’s approach to environmental assessment by “implementing an impact assessment and regulatory system that Canadians trust”. Access to justice is a critical component of public trust. Canadians must be assured that, when there has been a legal error in the exercise of public duties, they can bring their case to a court without undue expense, impediments and burden. The Senate’s (and oil industry’s) proposed amendment would create the following problems for access to justice:
- Requiring applicants to seek leave from the Federal Court of Appeal in order to proceed with a judicial review. Litigation is extremely expensive and becoming more so, particularly for citizens and community groups. Canada already ranks behind its peers in access to civil justice, according to the World Justice Project. Parliament should not erect additional barriers that make access to the courts more costly and difficult – especially when it involves environmental matters of public importance (major projects on public land) that are likely to affect many Canadians. When those decisions are not lawful, access to the courts should be facilitated instead of hindered.
- Windows自动获取IP地址需要很长时间才能上网解决方法 ...:2021-9-18 · 一般来说Windows系统默认设置都是自动获取IP地址,每次开机一般来说都要等个几秒甚至几分钟来让系统自动从路由器上获取一个新的IP地址。有的电脑慢的话,可能需要更久,时间长达三五分钟才能自动获取到IP地址,然后才可伍上网。This language reduces the long-standing ability of the courts to correct legal errors by suggesting that they must defer to the interpretations of administrative decision-makers (the Impact Assessment Agency or a review panel). At best the provision is redundant, since the Supreme Court has already confirmed that “expert” bodies are entitled to latitude in interpreting their “home” statutes. At worst, such “privative” language can make courts hesitant to step in, where appropriate, and correct unlawful decisions.
- Denying applicants oral hearings. The leave requirement is even more troubling because the amendment specifies that the determination would be made in a summary way and normally without personal appearance. This provision would deny citizens their “day in court” and invite decisions to be issued without proper reasons, which would diminish public confidence in the judicial process.
- Imposing unworkable timelines for court procedures. A requirement to hold a hearing within 60 days is unworkable given the heavy caseload of the courts, and interferes with the Court’s ability to control its own process. This is particularly true of the Federal Court of Appeal, already one of the most overworked courts in Canada. Judicial independence is vital and extends to scheduling, which judges must determine taking into account all the circumstances of the case.
This draconian amendment is a solution in search of a problem. There have only been a handful of judicial review applications each year for environmental assessments across Canada, and only the most egregious errors have been overturned.
Access to justice is a cornerstone of our democracy. As Parliament considers important new environmental legislation aimed at restoring public trust, we urge that it not create further barriers for citizens seeking to ensure that legal rules and procedures are respected. Accordingly, the proposed “privative” amendment should be deleted.
Sincerely,
[signed by]
Amir Attaran
Professor, Faculty of Law
University of Ottawa
Me Sophie Lavallée
Professeure titulaire
Faculté de droit
Université Laval
Stepan Wood
Canada Research Chair in Law, Society and Sustainability
Director, Centre for Law and the Environment
Peter A Allard School of Law
University of British Columbia
Sophie Thériault
Full Professor
Civil Law Section
Faculty of Law
University of Ottawa
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Associate Professor and Associate Dean, Research
Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University
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Associate Professor of law
University of Calgary
Stewart Elgie
Full Professor, Faculty of Law
【nat 虚拟机linux联网】-博文推荐-CSDN博客:2021-3-18 · csdn已为您找到关于nat 虚拟机linux联网相关内容,包含nat 虚拟机linux联网相关文档伋码介绍、相关教学视频课程,伍及相关nat 虚拟机linux联网问答内容。为您解决当下相关问题,如果想了解更详细nat 虚拟机linux联网内容,请点击详情链接进行了解,或者注册账号与客服人员联系给您提供相关内容的 ...
University of Ottawa
Chris Tollefson
Professor of Law
Faculty of Law
University of Victoria
Constance Backhouse, C.M., O.Ont., F.R.S.C.
Professor of Law & Distinguished University Professor
University of Ottawa
Nathalie Chalifour
Professeure agrégée|Associate Professor
Section de Common Law|Common Law Section
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Dr. David R. Boyd, J.D., Ph.D.
UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Environment
Associate Professor of Law, Policy, and Sustainability
Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability
School of Public Policy and Global Affairs
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Elizabeth Sheehy, LLB, LLM, LLD (hons), F.R.S.C.
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Daphne Gilbert
ip地址开头255是_zuciwang.com:1999-12-31 · IP地址由四组三位数据和点组成的,每个 San 位数字值必须在0~255之间,也就还0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255 Zhi 间,只要IP必须在这个IP段里,但是255.255.255.255 Shi 广播地址一般是不使用的,另外有些地址是 Bu 使用的例如192.168.1.1这样的 Yi 般为路由
University of Ottawa, Faculty of Common Law
Patricia Hania, JD, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Law & Business Program, Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University.
Jean Leclair
Professeur titulaire
Faculté de droit
Université de Montréal
Errol Mendes
Full Professor,
Faculty of Law, Common Law Section
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Marina Pavlović
Associate Professor
【nat 虚拟机linux联网】-博文推荐-CSDN博客:2021-3-18 · csdn已为您找到关于nat 虚拟机linux联网相关内容,包含nat 虚拟机linux联网相关文档伋码介绍、相关教学视频课程,伍及相关nat 虚拟机linux联网问答内容。为您解决当下相关问题,如果想了解更详细nat 虚拟机linux联网内容,请点击详情链接进行了解,或者注册账号与客服人员联系给您提供相关内容的 ...
University of Ottawa
Darren O’Toole
海康网络摄像机密码忘记了怎么办:2021-7-5 · 摄像头忘记密码怎么办 到官网上下载一个搜索ip工具,把电脑与摄像机(或摄像机所在的交换机上)用网线连在一起,用软件搜索一下,就可伍找到所有的ip地址了。 原发布者:忧伤的蚂蚁牙黑 海康4500客户端连接及故障排除方法1、设置录像机或者摄像机DDNS,并输入域名用户名和密码2、打开手 …
Faculté de droit/Faculty of Law
Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa
François J Larocque, PhD
Professeur titulaire | Full Professor
Faculté de droit | Faculty of Law
Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa
David Robitaille, Ph.D.
Professeur titulaire | Full Professor
Section de droit civil | Civil Law Section, uOttawa
Dr. Meinhard Doelle
Professor of Law
Dalhousie University
Teresa Scassa
Canada Research Chair
Section de Common Law|Common Law Section
University of Ottawa
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Associate Professor and Shirley Greenberg Chair in Women and the Law
University of Ottawa Faculty of Law
Lynda Collins
如何通过外网访问SMB - 华硕固件 - KoolShare - 源于玩家 ...:2021-2-27 · 关键是你ip地址要规划好,你内网地址不要全部用完,给v。p。n留下一段地址,并制定好v。p。n服务地址,这样你外网机器登录进来就可伍得到内网同网段地址了。 比如你路由设定地址192.168.50.1,分配地址设为192.168.50.2-192.168.50.150。
Section de Common Law|Common Law Section
University Of Ottawa
怎么更换外网ip
Professor
University of Ottawa/Université d’Ottawa
Faculty of Law/Faculté de Droit
Hervé Depow
Sessional Professor
Faculty of Law, Common Law Section
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Me Jean Baril, LL.D
公网、内网、IP、端口和NAT网络地址转换 - 玩机大学 - CCCiTU:2021-6-12 · 我伊每天上的网究竟是什么,为什么有公网和内网之分,IP和端口有何用,公网IP和内网IP有啥区别,运营商是如何通过NAT技术让内网中的我伊进入公网的,如果你对这些问题好奇,这篇文章或许能为你带来一些启发。 1.公网和内网 1.1 公网 公网俗称为广域网、外网、国际互联网 …
L’Université du Québec à Montréal
Penelope Simons, PhD
Professeure agrégée / Associate Professor
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Ubuntu设置静态IP后无网络连接的解决方法_Dingo-CSDN博客:2021-9-6 · 起因是想将虚拟机中的ubuntu设置为桥接模式,分配一个静态IP来测试所写服务器,费了九牛二虎之力修改IP、掩码、DNS等设置后终于成功了,但没想到晚上将虚拟机重启后Ubuntu右上角状态栏显示无网络连接:于是我尝试在终端执行ping命伌,得到 ...
Chidi Oguamanam, LL.B, LL.M, Ph.D.
Professor | Professeur
Faculty of Law | Faculté de droit
如何查看自己使用网络的外网IP地址?_酷知经验网:2021-10-27 · 如何查看自己使用网络的外网IP地址?下面小编来教大家。 现在很多信息平台网上的报名资料、招聘网站附件都仅支持PDF格式的文件上传,那么如果我伊手中要上传的附件是word文件格式的,该怎么上传上去呢?
Sharon Mascher
Professor
Faculty of Law
University of Calgary
怎么改变自己的外网ip
更改ip地址就可伍连外网了
【nat 虚拟机linux联网】-博文推荐-CSDN博客:2021-3-18 · csdn已为您找到关于nat 虚拟机linux联网相关内容,包含nat 虚拟机linux联网相关文档伋码介绍、相关教学视频课程,伍及相关nat 虚拟机linux联网问答内容。为您解决当下相关问题,如果想了解更详细nat 虚拟机linux联网内容,请点击详情链接进行了解,或者注册账号与客服人员联系给您提供相关内容的 ...
怎么更换外网ip
Professeure
Faculté de droit
Université Laval
Neil Craik, LL. B, LL.M, SJD
怎么更换外网ip
School of Environment, Enterprise and Development (SEED)
公网、内网、IP、端口和NAT网络地址转换 - 玩机大学 - CCCiTU:2021-6-12 · 我伊每天上的网究竟是什么,为什么有公网和内网之分,IP和端口有何用,公网IP和内网IP有啥区别,运营商是如何通过NAT技术让内网中的我伊进入公网的,如果你对这些问题好奇,这篇文章或许能为你带来一些启发。 1.公网和内网 1.1 公网 公网俗称为广域网、外网、国际互联网 …
University of Waterloo
Martin Olszynski
Associate Professor
University of Calgary Faculty of Law
Jonnette Watson Hamilton
Professor
Faculty of Law, University of Calgary
Charis Kamphuis
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law
Thompson Rivers University
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Associate Professor
College of Law – University of Saskatchewan
VMware虚拟机怎么加入主机的局域网?:你会发现在这种方式下,vmware自带的dhcp会默认地加载到vmnet8界面上,这样虚拟机就可伍使用dhcp服务.更为重要的是,vmware自带了nat服务,提供了从vmnet8到外网的地址转 换,所伍这种情况是一个实实在在的nat服务器在运行,只不过是供虚拟机用的.
Co-Director POLIS Project on Ecological Governance
Associate Director Centre for Global Studies
University of Victoria
Michael M’Gonigle
更改ip地址就可伍连外网了
University of Victoria Faculty of Law
Professor Martha Jackman, LSM, FRSC
Faculty of Law, Common Law Section
University of Ottawa
更改ip地址就可伍连外网了
Assistant Professor
Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University
怎么更换外网ip
Assistant Professor / Professeur adjoint
McGill University, Faculty of Law
Université McGill, Faculté de droit
Patricia Galvao-Ferreira
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Law, University of Windsor
David VanderZwaag
Professor, Schulich School of Law
Dalhousie University
Marie-Claude Desjardins
Professeure agrégée
怎么改变自己的外网ip
Dr. Beverly Jacobs, CM, LLB, LLM, PhD
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law,
University of Windsor
怎么更换外网ip
Professeur de droit
Université Laval
Hélène Trudeau
Vice-doyenne
Faculté de droit, Université de Montréal
Jasminka Kalajdzic
Associate Professor
电脑能上外网 模拟器上不了 _ 有问必答 - 靠谱社区:2021-6-10 · 电脑已经翻墙,可伍上外网。模拟器里面打开百度搜索IP地址也是国外的IP,可就是上不了外网,好奇怪啊,有谁知道怎么回事 ...
Arlene Kwasniak
Professor Emerita, Faculty of Law
University of Calgary
CHRISTOPHER WATERS
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University of Windsor
Co-Editor, Canadian Bar Review